Abstract:
In server workloads, large instruction working sets result in high L1 instruction cache miss rates. Fast access requirements preclude large instruction caches that can accommodate the deep software stacks prevalent in server applications. Prefetching has been a promising approach to mitigate instruction-fetch stalls by relying on recurring instruction streams of server workloads to predict future instruction misses. By recording and replaying instruction streams from dedicated storage next to each core, stream-based prefetchers have been shown to overcome instruction fetch stalls. Problematically, existing stream-based prefetchers incur high history storage costs resulting from large instruction working sets and complex control flow inherent in server workloads. The high storage requirements of these prefetchers prohibit their use in emerging lean-core server processors.

We introduce Shared History Instruction Fetch, SHIFT, an instruction prefetcher suitable for lean-core server processors. By sharing the history across cores, SHIFT minimizes the cost per core without sacrificing miss coverage. Moreover, by embedding the shared instruction history in the LLC, SHIFT obviates the need for dedicated instruction history storage, while transparently enabling multiple instruction histories in the presence of workload consolidation. In a 16-core server CMP, SHIFT eliminates 81% (up to 93%) of instruction cache misses, achieving 19% (up to 42%) speedup on average. SHIFT captures 90% of the performance benefit of the state-of-the-art instruction prefetcher at 14× less storage cost.